The development history of electric bicycle hubs from the late 19th century to the early 20th century

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以下是电动自行车轮毂在 19 世纪末 – 20 世纪初发展历史的详细介绍：

在 19 世纪末 – 20 世纪初，电动自行车轮毂处于早期探索阶段。当时，电动自行车的概念逐渐兴起，轮毂技术也开始萌芽。

1895 年，奥格登・博尔顿发明了直驱式后轮毂电动车，这是电动自行车轮毂电机的重要开端。这种早期的轮毂电机设计相对简单，直接将电机安装在轮毂内，通过电机驱动轮毂转动来带动自行车前进。然而，受限于当时的技术水平，尤其是电池技术的不成熟，电动自行车的续航能力非常有限，而且电机的功率和效率也不高，导致电动自行车的行驶性能不佳，速度较慢，爬坡能力也较弱。同时，轮毂的结构较为简单，多采用传统的辐条式设计，材料通常是普通的金属，这种设计在强度和稳定性方面存在一定的局限性，但为后续轮毂技术的发展奠定了基础。

以下是相关表格总结：

英文翻译如下：

The following is a detailed introduction to the development history of electric bicycle hubs from the late 19th century to the early 20th century:

From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, the electric bicycle hub was in the early exploration stage. At that time, the concept of electric bicycles gradually emerged, and the hub technology also began to germinate.

In 1895, Ogden Bolton invented the direct – drive rear – hub electric bicycle, which was an important beginning of the electric bicycle hub motor. The design of this early – stage hub motor was relatively simple. The motor was directly installed in the hub, and the rotation of the hub was driven by the motor to move the bicycle forward. However, limited by the technical level at that time, especially the immaturity of battery technology, the cruising range of electric bicycles was very limited. Moreover, the power and efficiency of the motor were not high, resulting in poor driving performance of electric bicycles, slow speed, and weak climbing ability. At the same time, the structure of the hub was relatively simple, and the traditional spoke – type design was mostly adopted. The material was usually ordinary metal. This design had certain limitations in terms of strength and stability, but it laid the foundation for the subsequent development of hub technology.

The following is a summary table: